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Dynamics of Disruption in Science and Technology

From arxiv.org - June 23, 2021 3:42 PM

Michael Park, Erin Leahey, Russell Funk

Although the number of new scientific discoveries and technological
inventions has increased dramatically over the past century, there have also
been concerns of a slowdown in the progress of science and technology. We
analyze 25 million papers and 4 million patents across 6 decades and find that
science and technology are becoming less disruptive of existing knowledge, a
pattern that holds nearly universally across fields. We link this decline in
disruptiveness to a narrowing in the utilization of existing knowledge.
Diminishing quality of published science and changes in citation practices are
unlikely to be responsible for this trend, suggesting that this pattern
represents a fundamental shift in science and technology.

Read the full article at: arxiv.org

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Scooped by Complexity Digest
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Impact: The search for the science that matter

Impact: The search for the science that matter | Papers | Scoop.it
From www.nature.com - October 18, 2013 2:47 PM

Every government and organization that funds research wants to support science that makes a difference — by opening up new academic vistas, stimulating innovation, influencing public policies or directly improving people's lives. But separating the best from the rest has never been harder. This Nature special issue examines, through journalism and comment, how the impact of research is traced and measured — and asks whether today's evaluation systems elevate the most influential science.

 

http://www.nature.com/news/specials/impact

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The Emergence of Higher-Order Structure in Scientific and Technological Knowledge Networks

The Emergence of Higher-Order Structure in Scientific and Technological Knowledge Networks | Papers | Scoop.it
From arxiv.org - December 8, 2020 6:19 PM

Thomas Gebhart, Russell J. Funk

The growth of science and technology is a recombinative process, wherein new discoveries and inventions are built from prior knowledge. Yet relatively little is known about the manner in which scientific and technological knowledge develop and coalesce into larger structures that enable or constrain future breakthroughs. Network science has recently emerged as a framework for measuring the structure and dynamics of knowledge. While helpful, existing approaches struggle to capture the global properties of the underlying networks, leading to conflicting observations about the nature of scientific and technological progress. We bridge this methodological gap using tools from algebraic topology to characterize the higher-order structure of knowledge networks in science and technology across scale. We observe rapid growth in the higher-order structure of knowledge in many scientific and technological fields. This growth is not observable using traditional network measures. We further demonstrate that the emergence of higher-order structure coincides with decline in lower-order structure, and has historically far outpaced the corresponding emergence of higher-order structure in scientific and technological collaboration networks. Up to a point, increases in higher-order structure are associated with better outcomes, as measured by the novelty and impact of papers and patents. However, the nature of science and technology produced under higher-order regimes also appears to be qualitatively different from that produced under lower-order ones, with the former exhibiting greater linguistic abstractness and greater tendencies for building upon prior streams of knowledge.

Read the full article at: arxiv.org

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