As I pointed out when the "big five" IT changes came down the pike three years ago (mobile, social, cloud, consumerization, and big data), which were seen as an unprecedented series of simultaneous changes at the time -- and in which we are still mostly in the early to mid-point stages of adoption in organizations today -- that the gap between what's achievable and what's needed might become untenable. Combine these in-process changes with limited budget for tackling strategic new capabilities like open APIs, Internet of Things, omnichannel engagement, machine learning, digital business models, rethought digital workplaces, and new models of IT such as bi/tri-modal, and you have a pretty hard to climb mountain of accumulated technical debt.
A very insightful diagram within another interesting article, it charts the multiple technologies that organizations are faced with and that can provide serious disruptions by lowering costs or enabling new business models.
WHY THIS IS IMPORTANT?
It says "technology" and everyone thinks CIO but in reality those changes will impact every unit in the organization so every leader must be aware of them and have a plan to manage the accompanying change from a people and process standpoint.