WHY IT MATTERS: Digital Transformation

WHY IT MATTERS: this is the Holy Grail of eCommerce: cheap, fast, reliable delivery of orders. Looks like grocery delivery, with its high frequency and large order size is the killer app as evidenced by these many tests by Walmart and - my own opinion - the acquisition of Whole Foods by Amazon. 

WHY IT MATTERS: order fulfillment and delivery is the last remaining hurdle to eCommerce. Loblaws in Canada will pilot a micro-fulfillment solution from TakeOff that impressed me last year at Shoptalk. In short, they create an automated back-store where eCommerce orders are prepared with a huge amount of automation. The question remains whether the economics is better for micro-fulfillment or if centralized warehouse fulfillment with hub-and-spoke delivery is better suited for high volume / low margin eCommerce that grocery is about. Thus this "test" by Loblaws. Note that Sobeys has decided in favor of more centralized ocado-driven automated warehouse and Metro remains with the more traditional decentralized (and manual) store-based pick-pack-deliver process. Given the low volume of orders for online grocery in Canada I remain partisan of a store-based manual approach but the economics I got from TakeOff was promising. Below additional links if you want to read more about takeoff and ocado.

- http://fmcs.digital/blog/a-new-store-experience-windowless-automated-micro-warehouse-with-hyperlocal-presence-may-be-the-future-of-grocery-shopping-takeoff-solution-suggests-this-may-be-the-case-robots-ai/

- http://fmcs.digital/blog/video-of-the-inside-of-ocados-robotic-warehouse-where-thousands-of-robots-pack-groceries-retail-robots/

- https://www.takeoff.com/why-takeoff

WHY IT MATTERS: again and again it is clear that home delivery is the last hurdle of eCommerce. It is expensive and cumbersome. Adding an extra day by FedEx and others will not solve the core issue: low-cost fast and efficient home delivery. I keep thinking that milkman pre-defined routes with some form of robotization will be the solution. No one seems to be addressing this complex problem...

WHY IT MATTERS: the final frontier in eCommerce is delivery to the home - the "last mile". Retailers have been great at solving technical issues around selling online and fulfilling orders cost effectively in large warehouses. Delivery remains plagued with slow and costly solutions that have not much changed since the FarWest postal delivery by horse-drawn carriage (think about it). This must change and we must apply automation, robotics and other tech to improve that and make it so that any retailer can send a parcel in few hours for as little as the cost of gas/electricity to get the parcel to the customer...

WHY IT MATTERS: order fulfillment is an essential component of ecommerce digital transformation and there are solutions to reconfigure existing warehouses to improve picking efficiency and maximise storage space.

WHY IT MATTERS: the video provides a glympse inside a large automated warehouse. Conversation starter at the christmas table!

WHY IT MATTERS: this videos shows the inside of the new Ocado warehouse in UK. This warehouse is making its way top Canada, with Sobeys opening one soon: http://fmcs.digital/blog/u-k-s-ocado-taps-into-canadas-online-grocery-market-with-sobeys-tie-up-is-canada-mature-enough-to-have-automated-grocery-fulfillment-centers-ecommerce-robots/ 

WHY IT MATTERS: holiday season starts with black friday / cyber monday. Companies need to prepare to get their logistics and delivery ready. Some useful insights in this shameless plug from Canada Post...!

WHY IT MATTERS: when Walmart gets into something, you should watch out. Here it seems they are exploring options for grocery fulfillment and delivery - as everyone is trying to figure out what will customer prefer and where to make money. But the solution feels like back to the future: the concept looks like a sears pickup counter from the old days! The article also mentions some delivery options being tested by Walmart including autonomous cars and crowdsourcing.

WHY IT MATTERS: delivery models are plenty and need to be expanded to reduce the cost of eCommerce deliveries.

WHY IT MATTERS: delivery is the last problem to solve to continue ecommerce growth. McKinsey explores the different delivery models for the last mile in this article.

WHY IT MATTERS: very interesting future projection regarding logistics and parcel delivery in the future by a world leader in the field - DHL.

WHY IT MATTERS: Amazon spends 14.2% of its net sales to fulfill orders and 12.2% to deliver them to consumers. Thus a quarter of the costs of products sold is allocated to logistical costs and this is the biggest hurdle to eCommerce wide adoption. Amazon and other pure plays have a number of key advantages over established brick-n-mortar retailers (no retail store costs, no store employees, etc.) but they have to battle with order preparation and delivery which traditional retailers delegate to their customers as they push their carts in the store aisle. In that context, recent announcement of Sobeys to leverage Ocado's automated warehouse technology or recent Amazon announcement to create a parcel delivery solution that competes with FedEx and UPS makes sense. Any retailer thinking of scaling its eCommerce operation should thus make sure that its business model is viable regarding fulfillment and shipping - all other elements of eCommerce are not an issue.

- Amazon SWA service: http://fmcs.digital/blog/amazon-package-delivery-service-to-compete-with-fedex-and-ups-swa-ecommerce-disruption-retailapocalypse/ 

- Sobeys Ocado partnership: http://fmcs.digital/blog/u-k-s-ocado-taps-into-canadas-online-grocery-market-with-sobeys-tie-up-is-canada-mature-enough-to-have-automated-grocery-fulfillment-centers-ecommerce-robots/ 

- Ocado's technology: http://fmcs.digital/blog/video-shows-ocado-warehouse-technology-that-sobeys-has-acquired-to-prepare-grocery-orders-is-based-on-an-army-of-small-robots-working-on-3d-hive/ 

WHY IT MATTERS: distribution is the final frontier, the last nut to crack in eCommerce today - as most other aspects, from technology to processes to business models, have already been solved. Distribution remains costly and often an area that retailers - pure plays as well as brick and mortar - struggle with.

As discussed in the past, grocery food delivery appears to be the holy grail of delivery: 1) put trucks on the road with fixed schedules to deliver groceries as the milkmen did in the past 2) manage to break even on these deliveries as this pays for fixed costs - all other deliveries have only a marginal cost and thus become essentially "free"

WHY IT MATTERS: we all say companies must innovate but often they struggle because of internal operational constraints - after all they have a business to run and cannot disrupt their operations to try things out. That is why such an experiment by CDiscount is so important: they have created both a *place* where startups can do their things and a *process* for them not worry if they break something. Can't wait to see the results of that - but I guess it can only be positive, how can it not be?

WHY IT MATTERS: this is not a surprise as delivery fees are close to 15% of Amazon costs. I wrote about this in the past numerous times and it looks like Amazon is moving in the direction of competing with large delivery providers. Again, Amazon only needs to break even on delivery costs, it does not need to make a profit. Moreover, going into grocery eCommerce can provide additional volume and predictable routes (think milkmen routes) to put trucks on the roads, pay for their fixed costs, and effectively make delivery "free" for all other product categories. When self-driving cars -or more likely autonomous vehicles - become a reality, Amazon will be there to reap the benefits. Another attack of established retail and distribution industry that Amazon is famous for.

More on this: Amazon vs UPS and Fedex (2016 but still relevant: http://fmcs.digital/blog/parcel-delivery-disruption-coming-with-amazon-building-uber-for-trucking-app-and-self-driving-trucks/ 

WHY THIS IS IMPORTANT

This is one of the ways eCommerce will evolve in the near future: robotization. Orders are prepared automatically, without humans touching them. Even for grocery. Especially for grocery. Because it is a high volume, low margin operation, grocery mandates automated preparation. Of course, this level of investment can only be afforded at very high volume, which is the case in the UK where Ocado's warehouses like this can deliver 190,000 orders every week. No other country has this level of grocery eCommerce but when they do (think Amazon Fresh in the US), robotic warehouses like this will become mandatory to stay in business.

The last missing link will remain, of course, the last mile: delivery. There, self driving cars and drones may offer a solution.

WHY THIS IS IMPORTANT

WE always think of grocery as non technical and very hands-on, touchy-feely. This is becoming less and less so, a testament of the profound impact that digital technologies are having in our society at large.

WHY THIS IS IMPORTANT

We think of robots as fixed machines that assemble cars. However, with the advances in autonomous driving we may see an explosion of delivery robots. We have seen experiments with the use of drones to deliver products (Amazon and others) and now we are seeing self driving robots appear on the streets as it is much easier to get permits for those than it is for flying objects that can crash and hurt people. This is important because delivery remains the Achille's heel of eCommerce (slow, expensive): whoever cracks this problem and comes up with a low cost and economical solution will make a killing.

WHY THIS IS IMPORTANT

A key piece of eCommerce and retail has to do with delivering packages from warehouse to customer homes or offices. Amazon spends 12% of its revenue for shipping and is expected to ship more volume than FedEx in 3 years. To reduce this cost and improve customer service by allowing more frequent and faster delivery, Amazon has been doing a number of things:

1- putting trucks on the road with its AmazonFresh grocery delivery service;

2- building delivery infrastructure between its warehouses and distribution centers and delivery spokes;

3- now it is planning to become a broker between small parcel delivery providers in a UBER like model (this article)

4- self-driving vehicles have been targeting trucking industry as their primary focus, with UBER recently investing in startup OTTO and demonstrating a 2000 case beer delivery via self driving truck

Combine all these innovations and you have a profound disruption in the delivery and logistics industry. Retailers should now consider Amazon no longer as an online marketplace and third-party logistics company (3PL) but also as a parcel delivery solution provider that can compete FedEx and UPS provide last-mile delivery solutions and eliminate the need for retailers to maintain or lease their own delivery vans and trucks.

Links in this post:

• amazon net shipping costs 4.7% of revenue: http://fmcs.digital/blog/new-e-commerce-strategies-threaten-ups-fedex/ 
• amazon total shipping costs 12% revenue: http://www.beyonddevic.es/2014/02/03/amazons-prime-problem/  http://www.wsj.com/articles/amazons-newest-ambitioncompeting-directly-with-ups-and-fedex-1474994758 
• amazon fresh trucks: http://sco.lt/7i9FbN 
• self-driving truck: http://fmcs.digital/blog/tesla-brings-self-driving-hardware-to-its-entire-fleet-see-the-video-for-a-glimpse-into-the-future-of-driving/ 
• amazon competes fedex: http://fmcs.digital/blog/jeff-bezos-amazon-wont-compete-with-fedex-and-purolator-usps-i-dont-believe-him/ 
• FBA 3PL: http://fmcs.digital/blog/27-tips-on-how-to-build-fba-strategy-via-cpcstrategy/ 

To succeed in eCommerce you need to master one thing: delivering products to your customers rapidly at the lowest cost possible.

This is why events such as this one have become essential. I would even say that delivery is the single most important aspect of an eCommerce solution, as it is where your margins are made or lost. Ensure you have a comprehensive last mile model and you will be guaranteed not to loose money.

One post from a great blog on all things related to eCommerce, Amazon, Google, and others.

Jeff Bezos said during Code conference that Amazon will not get into the delivery business to replace partners - but will supplement it heavily.

I wrote before that amazon will get into the grocery food delivery business because it is the only way they can reduce their delivery costs - costs they have to give to fedex, purolator, USPS and others. So basically they will go into grocery business to break even and get free local delivery in certain key market areas. 

Recently, Walmart has begun pilot tests to deliver groceries using UBER (http://www.reuters.com/article/us-wal-mart-groceries-idUSKCN0YP0H6?il=0). This sounds like a great idea, focussing on each other's strength (walmart = products & logistics, uber = delivery) with no investment to access huge volume. This option may not be as efficient as the Amazon model however but be a great solution in periods of high volume.

To see what I wrote about this, see http://www.scoop.it/t/digital-transformation-of-businesses?q=amazon+fresh 

WHY THIS IS IMPORTANT

Delivery remains the biggest cost for online retailers. Between 10% to 20% of retailer costs are sunk into delivery. This remains a huge hurdle for both retailers and consumers compared to physical stores. I expect online retailer to be more and more creative on the delivery front to reduce costs and deliver faster.

Established eCommerce retailers should look for opportunities to improve delivery and newbies to never underestimate delivery as it is the CORE to make or break their online retail business. Mark my words...